[citation needed]. It was decorated in the Gothic Revival style with many frescoes depicting heroic German sagas. [6] Questions about the lack of medical diagnosis make the legality of the deposition controversial.
Louis I, (born August 25, 1786, Strasbourg, France—died February 29, 1868, Nice), king of Bavaria from 1825 to 1848, a liberal and a German nationalist who rapidly turned conservative after his accession, best known as an outstanding patron of the arts who transformed Munich into the artistic centre of Germany. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The king's refusal to react rationally led the government to declare him insane and depose him in 1886 – a procedure not provided for in the Bavarian constitution. 132/2007. On their return, Gudden expressed optimism to other doctors concerning the treatment of his royal patient. One day, Louis went to Rome, and John had told him to go back to Bavaria, but he didn’t listen. Ludwig used his personal fortune (supplemented annually from 1873 by 270,000 marks from the Welfenfonds[25]) to fund the construction of a series of elaborate castles. Feeling harassed and irritated by his ministers, he considered dismissing the entire cabinet and replacing them with fresh faces.
King of Bavaria 1864–1886
Some earlier diaries have survived in the Geheimes Hausarchiv ("secret archives") in Munich, and extracts starting in 1858 were published by Evers in 1986.[19]. "As the king stepped up to his boat and put one foot in it, a shot rang out from the bank, apparently killing him on the spot, for the king fell across the bow of the boat. Louis suddenly died in September 1361 in Zorneding near Munich during a ride from Tyrol to Munich. The king worshiped the theatre and the opera, and henceforth concerned himself almost exclusively with his artistic endeavours, developing an extravagant mania for building in the Bavarian mountains that he loved. He had to defend his rights in a lengthy throne quarrel, finally defeated Frederick's forces in the 1322 Battle of Mühldorf, and in 1328 received the Imperial crown; though not by the pope but by the "Roman people" led by Sciarra Colonna. He commissioned many representative buildings, among them the Ludwigskirche, Neue Pinakothek, Propyläen, Siegestor, Feldherrnhalle, and Odeon. This extravagance was used against him to declare him insane, an accusation that has since come under scrutiny. The monumental festival theatre planned for Munich was built in a vastly simplified form in Bayreuth and inaugurated in 1876 with the cycle "Der Ring des Nibelungen". Ludwig was not close to either of his parents. Figures for the total costs between 1869 and 1886 for the building and equipping of each castle were published in 1968: Schloß Neuschwanstein 6,180,047 marks; Schloß Linderhof 8,460,937 marks (a large portion being expended on the Venus Grotto); Schloß Herrenchiemsee (from 1873) 16,579,674 marks[26] In order to give an equivalent for the era, the British Pound sterling, being the monetary hegemon of the time, had a fixed exchange rate (based on the gold standard) at £1 = 20.43 Goldmarks.
In reality he was a constitutional monarch, a head of state with rights and duties and little freedom of action. The King was seized just after midnight and at 4 am was taken to a waiting carriage. Ludwig considered abdicating to follow Wagner, but Wagner persuaded him to stay. Ludwig reputedly had seen the location and conceived of building a castle there while still a boy.
Nearby a Moroccan House, purchased at the Paris World Fair in 1878, was erected alongside the mountain road. The Öttingen-Wallerstein ministry (1831–37) was a shift to the right, and the subsequent government under Karl von Abel (from 1837) steered a strictly reactionary and clericalist course, restoring many monasteries and proceeding to erode the liberal constitution. In 1878, construction was completed on Ludwig's Schloss Linderhof, an ornate palace in neo-French Rococo style, with handsome formal gardens.
Only the central portion of the palace was built; all construction halted on Ludwig's death. In December 1870, Bismarck used financial concessions to induce Ludwig with the support of the king's equerry Maximilian Count von Holnstein to write the so-called Kaiserbrief, a letter endorsing the creation of the German Empire with King Wilhelm I of Prussia as Emperor.
Linderhof in the Graswangtal, built from 1869, imitates a variety of styles, with the help of the latest technology. Louis II, byname Mad King Ludwig, German Der Verrückte König Ludwig, (born August 25, 1845, Nymphenburg Palace, Munich—died June 13, 1886, Starnberger See, Bavaria), eccentric king of Bavaria from 1864 to 1886 and an admirer and patron of the composer Richard Wagner. [29] The first design was a sketch by Christian Jank in 1883 "very much like the Townhall of Liège".
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