[69] The Fortingall Yew in Perthshire is the oldest tree in Europe.[70]. [63] There are six species of reptile on the island; three snakes and three lizards including the legless slowworm. Habitat loss has affected many species. Meet Northern Ireland's Olympic hopefuls in Team GB and Team IRE", "Earliest footprints outside Africa discovered in Norfolk". Copyright © Historic UK Ltd. Company Registered in England No. [40], Politically, Great Britain refers to the whole of England, Scotland and Wales in combination,[41] but not Northern Ireland; it includes islands, such as the Isle of Wight, Anglesey, the Isles of Scilly, the Hebrides and the island groups of Orkney and Shetland, that are part of England, Wales, or Scotland. Until about 14,000 years ago, it was connected to Ireland, and as recently as 8,000 years ago it retained a land connection to the continent, with an area of mostly low marshland joining it to what are now Denmark and the Netherlands.[45]. [33] It is not correct to use the term to refer to the whole of the United Kingdom which includes Northern Ireland. This textbook is an essential resource for introductory courses on the history of modern Britain. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be sent to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. Old French Bretaigne (whence also Modern French Bretagne) and Middle English Bretayne, Breteyne. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies. South of the gneisses are a complex mixture of rocks forming the North West Highlands and Grampian Highlands in Scotland. It has the status of established church in England. Great Britain lies on the European continental shelf, part of the Eurasian Plate. [34][35], Similarly, Britain can refer to either all islands in Great Britain, the largest island, or the political grouping of countries.
Click here for this month's articles in our History of England magazine. This is the true story of Lieutenant Neville Richards, the last officer of Britain’s forgotten WWII African army, the extraordinary group of Maasai soldiers he led through the jungles of Burma and his struggle for redemption in his twilight years – until a chance meeting finally gave him peace in his final few months aged 100…, Incredibly, could there be another ‘King in a Car Park’? [78] The most recent checklist of Ascomycota (cup fungi and their allies, including most lichen-forming fungi), published in 1985, accepts another 5100 species. To send content items to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org [53] Around 10,000 years ago, during the Devensian glaciation with its lower sea level, Great Britain was not an island, but an upland region of continental northwestern Europe, lying partially underneath the Eurasian ice sheet. Each volume will integrate political, economic, religious, social, cultural, intellectual and gender history in order to chart the changing shape of Britain as a result of the gradual integration of the four kingdoms and Britain's increasing interaction and exchange with Europe and the wider world. Great Britain was probably first inhabited by those who crossed on the land bridge from the European mainland. [citation needed] These include squirrels, mice, voles, rats and the recently reintroduced European beaver. The history takes seriously the different experiences within the British Isles and the British Empire, and offers a global history of Britain. This introductory textbook provides a wide-ranging survey of the political, social, cultural and economic history of early modern Britain, charting the gradual integration of the four kingdoms, from the Wars of the Roses to the formation of 'Britain', and the aftermath of England's unions with Wales and Scotland. Volume I covers the period from the late Roman Empire to the shift in power and influence from Scandinavia to Normandy in the mid-eleventh century. [19] Pliny the Elder (AD 23–79) in his Natural History records of Great Britain: "Its former name was Albion; but at a later period, all the islands, of which we shall just now briefly make mention, were included under the name of 'Britanniæ.'"[20]. As a result of this eventful geological history, the island shows a rich variety of landscapes. [104] Jews have inhabited Britain since 1070. For the state of which it is a part, see, The political definition of Great Britain – that is, England, Scotland and Wales combined – includes a number of offshore islands such as the, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFO'Rahilly1946 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFCunliffe2002 (. 's proposal has failed to find wide acceptance among experts on the Celtic languages.[81]. Germanic speakers referred to Britons as Welsh. Romano-British is the name for the Latinised form of the language used by Roman authors. [68] Other trees have been naturalised, introduced especially from other parts of Europe (particularly Norway) and North America. According to tradition, Christianity arrived in the 1st or 2nd century. Out of the 60,815,385 residents of the UK over the age of three, 1,541,693 (2.5%) can speak Scots. [71] Some 107 species are particularly rare or vulnerable and are protected by the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. Christianity has been the largest religion by number of adherents since the Early Middle Ages: it was introduced under the ancient Romans, developing as Celtic Christianity. In Cheddar Gorge, near Bristol, the remains of animal species native to mainland Europe such as antelopes, brown bears, and wild horses have been found alongside a human skeleton, 'Cheddar Man', dated to about 7150 BC. [58][59] Sika deer and two more species of smaller deer, muntjac and Chinese water deer, have been introduced, muntjac becoming widespread in England and parts of Wales while Chinese water deer are restricted mainly to East Anglia.
In the Late Bronze Age, Britain was part of a culture called the Atlantic Bronze Age, held together by maritime trading, which also included Ireland, France, Spain and Portugal. [57] A DEFRA (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs) study from 2006 suggested that 100 species have become extinct in the UK during the 20th century, about 100 times the background extinction rate.
You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches". [98] The first patron saint of Great Britain was Saint Alban.
[103] There are many other British saints. It was used again in 1604, when James VI and I styled himself "King of Great Brittaine, France and Ireland". On 20 October 1604 King James, who had succeeded separately to the two thrones of England and Scotland, proclaimed himself "King of Great Brittaine, France, and Ireland". Southern and eastern Britain is sinking, generally estimated at 1 mm (1/25 inch) per year, with the London area sinking at double the speed partly due to the continuing compaction of the recent clay deposits. Though England was the emerging super-state in the medieval British Isles, its story is not the only one Britain can offer; there is a wider context of Britain in Europe, and the story of this period is one of how European Latin and French culture and ideals colonised the minds of all the British peoples. The greatest distance between two points is 968.0 km (601 1⁄2 mi) (between Land's End, Cornwall and John o' Groats, Caithness), 838 miles (1,349 km) by road. A companion website includes additional primary sources and bibliographic resources. Approximately 800 of these Latin loan-words have survived in the three modern Brythonic languages. Filter Articles by Type Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe.With an area of 209,331 km 2 (80,823 sq mi), it is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island, and the ninth-largest island in the world. Ultimately, the population of south-east Britain came to be referred to as the English people, so-named after the Angles. [29] In his later work, Geography (c. 150 AD), he gave the islands the names Alwion, Iwernia, and Mona (the Isle of Man),[30] suggesting these may have been the names of the individual islands not known to him at the time of writing Almagest. The social history of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1979 began with the aftermath of the Second World War.The United Kingdom was one of the victors, but victory was costly in social and economic terms. The Olympic Council of Ireland claims to represent the whole island of Ireland, and Northern Irish sportspeople may choose to compete for either team,[39] most choosing to represent Ireland. Philippa Langley, instrumental in the search and discovery of the remains of King Richard III under a Leicester car park, may be on the trail of another ‘king in a car park’, this time Henry I in Reading…, The term ‘hangover’ is universally understood to mean the disproportionate suffering that comes after a night of over-indulgence. ", "Analysis of Religion in the 2001 Census – Current Religion in Scotland", "Cry God for Harry, Britain and... St Aidan", "From Expulsion (1290) to Readmission (1656): Jews and England", "Religion: Key Statistics for urban areas, results by population size of urban area", 200 Major Towns and Cities in the British Isles, Pathe newsreel, 1950, Festival of Britain, British–Irish Intergovernmental Conference, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Great_Britain&oldid=977449294, Metropolitan or continental parts of states, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles containing Cornish-language text, Articles containing Scottish Gaelic-language text, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 8 September 2020, at 22:23. A single Kingdom of Great Britain resulted from the union of the Kingdom of England (which had already comprised the present-day countries of England and Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland by the 1707 Acts of Union.
The Cambridge History of Britain is an innovative new textbook series covering the whole of British history from c. 330 to the present day.
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